Biology and Biotechnology of Environmental Stress Tolerance in Plants, Volume 3: Sustainable Approaches for

Enhan

Roychoudhury (Ed.)

© 202

ylor & Francis)

with CRC Press (Ta

nmental Stress Tole

ss, Inc

ca

cing Enviro

4 Apple A

demic Pre

rance. Aryadeep

. Co-published

CHAPTER 6

Plant Breeding Approaches in

Developing Stress Tolerance

SAMI UL-ALLAH,^1* ASAD AZEEM,¹ AHMAD SHER,¹ MUHAMMAD IJAZ,¹

ABDUL SATTAR,¹ MUHAMMAD NAEEM,² and IMRAN ULLAH³

1College of Agriculture, Bahauddin Zakariya University,

Bahadur Sub-Campus Layyah, Pakistan

2Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, UCA&ES,

The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Pakistan

3Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, University of Agriculture,

Faisalabad, Pakistan

*Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected]

ABSTRACT

Biotic and abiotic stresses are major hurdles to maximize crop produc­

tion, and in climate change scenarios, the threat of these stresses is even

high. Major abiotic stresses include salinity, drought, temperature, and

heavy metal and major biotic stresses include plant diseases and insect-

pest attacks. These stresses have resulted in severe crop losses on a global

scale. Scientists have developed various techniques to alleviate the effect of

these stresses for optimum crop production, like agronomic management,

soil amendments, use of microorganisms, use of pesticides, integrated pest

and disease management, and development of tolerant genotypes. From all

the above-mentioned techniques, the development of tolerant genotypes is

the most sustainable technique that does not require any input except the

seed of tolerant genotype. There are two major types of breeding techniques